Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Tesis Maestrías

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Análisis del estado de la legislación en seguridad y salud ocupacional en la construcción y su impacto en la disminución de accidentes laborales: caso Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-17) Barreto Cada, Diego Alexander; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is of importance in the labor context; however, there are situations that must be analyzed since weaknesses have arisen in terms of the way in which this issue is being treated. There is no analysis of the legislation regarding OHS in Ecuador and, specifically, in the construction sector and this reality is worrying because it is considered the highest risk activity, from the point of view of occupational accidents. This essay aims to analyze the OHS legislation in the construction sector, in the Ecuadorian context, in order to determine its impact on the reduction of accidents by performing a comparative analysis with the Spanish legislation. The methodology consisted of the application of a bibliographical research, the historical-legal method and, in general, the comparative method. It is concluded that there are sufficient legal instruments for the protection of workers both in Ecuador and in Spain; however, in Ecuador there are an average of 579,000 occupational accidents annually and 2,225 in the construction area. The projection of legal instruments in the country's construction companies is recommended, so that they serve as legal support in order to reduce and/or solve occupational accidents. It is also suggested that state entities should carry out auditing processes to avoid underreporting, which would prevent real statistics regarding accidents
Análisis y evaluación de riesgos en la distribución de cilindros de gas licuado de petróleo de 15 kg para uso doméstico: caso de estudio – Depósito Mariana
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-21) Vidal Apolo, Rodrigo Alejandro; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The sale and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder tanks poses a danger to the workers who carry out these tasks, many of whom do so without awareness of the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the ergonomic, psychosocial, and fire risks to which LPG tank delivery workers are exposed and recommend preventive measures to increase their well-being and quality of life. An inductive-quantitative method was applied to a sample made up of three LPS tank workers. The methodology used to evaluate the three risks was the Manual Handling Assessment (MHA) method for ergonomic risk, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ PSQCAT) method for psychosocial risk, and the MESERI method for fire risk. The main results from applying each method showed: high action categories where corrective actions were required for ergonomic risk; three unfavorable situations including work rhythm, justice, and leadership quality affected workers in the psychosocial risk area; and an acceptable fire risk level for the warehouse according to the MESERI method, which even if true could be improved. Finally, we emphasize the need to update the health and safety regulations for workers (IESS Executive Decree 2393), which are not currently in accordance with international organizations and allow for ambiguity potentially resulting in unfavorable situations for workers.
ANÁLISIS Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CILINDROS DE GAS LICUADO DE PETRÓLEO DE 15 kg PARA USO DOMÉSTICO: CASO DE ESTUDIO – DEPÓSITO MARIANA
(2022-03-18) Vidal Apolo, Rodrigo Alejandro; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The sale and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder tanks poses a danger to the workers who carry out these tasks, many of whom do so without awareness of the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the ergonomic, psychosocial, and fire risks to which LPG tank delivery workers are exposed and recommend preventive measures to increase their well-being and quality of life. An inductive-quantitative method was applied to a sample made up of three LPS tank workers. The methodology used to evaluate the three risks was the Manual Handling Assessment (MHA) method for ergonomic risk, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ PSQCAT) method for psychosocial risk, and the MESERI method for fire risk. The main results from applying each method showed: high action categories where corrective actions were required for ergonomic risk; three unfavorable situations including work rhythm, justice, and leadership quality affected workers in the psychosocial risk area; and an acceptable fire risk level for the warehouse according to the MESERI method, which even if true could be improved. Finally, we emphasize the need to update the health and safety regulations for workers (IESS Executive Decree 2393), which are not currently in accordance with international organizations and allow for ambiguity potentially resulting in unfavorable situations for workers
ANÁLISIS Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CILINDROS DE GAS LICUADO DE PETRÓLEO DE 15 kg PARA USO DOMÉSTICO: CASO DE ESTUDIO – DEPÓSITO MARIANA
(2022-03-18) Vidal Apolo, Rodrigo Alejandro; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The sale and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder tanks poses a danger to the workers who carry out these tasks, many of whom do so without awareness of the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the ergonomic, psychosocial, and fire risks to which LPG tank delivery workers are exposed and recommend preventive measures to increase their well-being and quality of life. An inductive-quantitative method was applied to a sample made up of three LPS tank workers. The methodology used to evaluate the three risks was the Manual Handling Assessment (MHA) method for ergonomic risk, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ PSQCAT) method for psychosocial risk, and the MESERI method for fire risk. The main results from applying each method showed: high action categories where corrective actions were required for ergonomic risk; three unfavorable situations including work rhythm, justice, and leadership quality affected workers in the psychosocial risk area; and an acceptable fire risk level for the warehouse according to the MESERI method, which even if true could be improved. Finally, we emphasize the need to update the health and safety regulations for workers (IESS Executive Decree 2393), which are not currently in accordance with international organizations and allow for ambiguity potentially resulting in unfavorable situations for workers.
Determinación de los principales agentes químicos y biológicos presentes en el relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-21) Padrón Correa, Ricardo José; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
There is significant exposure to chemical and biological risk factors in the management of solid waste in landfills. This research aims to identify the main chemical and biological contaminants present in the landfill of the City of Cañar. For the study, qualitative and quantitative methods and scientific observation were used, fundamental for a diagnosis of the working conditions and health of the workers. The presence of chemical and biological contaminants were obtained as a result, which are presented separately in this test. Explosive gases were identified as: methane (CH4), propane (CH3H8), ammonia (NH3) and benzene (C6H6); Commonly used insecticides and agrochemicals: Chlorpilaq 48, Zelopag, Pyrimetha, Ranger 480; and in the wastewater presence of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd*), chromium (Cr*), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), compounds that by their nature are highly toxic to humans. On the other hand, the main biological agents found were Covid-19 and the vast majority were fecal coliforms: Escherichia coli, staphylococcus, salmonella, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, candida albicans, cspergillus niger. In conclusion, there is significant exposure to risk factors, both chemical and biological, in the Yurak Kasha management center; however, the organization in charge of solid waste management in Cañar city, through its department of occupational health and safety implements actions and corrective measures that help mitigate the consequences of exposure to these risk factors.
Estrategias de innovación sustentable en la industria: un estudio exploratorio
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-07-17) Durán León, Iván Santiago; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
Industrial processes are designed to manufacture products and services that meet customer needs. A sustainable approach could promote the reasonable use of natural resources with their respective management, recovery, conservation, and administration. In this sense, for an industry to be considered socially and environmentally responsible, the use of clean and environmentally friendly technologies could help improve its competitiveness, as it offers the possibility of participating in different national and international markets due to its sustainable approach. The objective of this document is to identify the sustainable innovation strategies developed by the industrial sector to manage economic, social, and environmental aspects, as well as consumer preferences based on the acceptance of sustainable products or services. It is based on a critical review of the literature from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. Research articles and complementary documents were selected and analyzed from the Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases for the period 2015 - 2023. The main results indicate that there are some sustainability strategies with an external and internal approach at the industrial level focused on the care of water, waste and energy, as well as the preference that consumers have for the main trends presented by a sustainable product or service developed through environmental awareness, focusing mainly on reducing pollution, saving energy, water and the consumption of local products or services.
Evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos en la fábrica Indalum S.A.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-11-20) Mendieta Bravo, Christian Paúl; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The ergonomic risks in people’s workplaces hazard to the health of employees of companies; a study carried out in Colombia in 1998 established that in companies with more than 60 workers, 51% were exposed to inadequate working positions, and 29% of the working population was exposed to over-effort in their jobs (Arenas-Ortiz & CantúGómez, 2013). Sitting or standing for a long time means different health problems may occur; a sedentary lifestyle at work increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolism disturbances, muscle skeletal disorders, and psychological disorders (Elorza et al., 2017). With this background, an investigation was raised. Its objective was to ergonomically evaluate the different jobs of the Indalum Industrial de Aluminio S.A. factory. For this purpose, a descriptive observational research protocol was carried out in all the jobs of this company which is a manufacturer of aluminum kitchen utensils. This investigation was intended to identify the muscle skeletal risk factors and the risk level the workers of this company are exposed to. For this project, the OWAS (OVAKO Working posture Analysis System) method and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method were used. With this study it was observed that 57% of workers have dorsal or lumbar discomfort, 56% have had discomfort in the elbow or forearm, and 63% have had discomfort in the wrist or hand due to the bad postures they adopt while developing their daily workactivities.
Evaluación general de riesgos biológicos, psicosociales y mecánicos, en tiempos de COVID a las personas privadas de la libertad de la cárcel de la ciudad de Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-17) Ávila Verdugo, Esthela Patricia; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The coronavirus belongs to a family of infectious type viruses that is caused by the so-called SARS COV 2, due to this we are currently facing an endemic disease declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to records of the National Service for Comprehensive Care of Persons Deprived of Liberty (SNAI), as of January 2022, the Social Rehabilitation Center of Cañar Canton (CRSCC) houses 87 persons deprived of liberty (PPL), this number is above its habitability. The objective of this academic essay is to evaluate the mechanical, psychosocial and biological risks in CRSCC. The method used for mechanical risk was William Fine, for biological risk the PCR test and for psychosocial risk the adapted SCL90 plus the interview was performed. The main results were in the mechanical risk, falls, lumbar diseases, overcrowding, in the psychosocial risk, a high level of anxiety and depression was found in the PPL, which is exacerbated in times of isolation and lack of contact with the visitors. , in the biological risk that 80% of the PPL have already presented the disease. It is concluded that the CRSCC is under these risks already described and it is recommended to continue with the Biosecurity measures, complete the vaccination scheme for COVID, in addition to psychological therapy by the institution's psychology area, decrease the PPL to maximum capacity To avoid overcrowding, the main limitation of this study would be that a new rehabilitation center is necessary to reduce mechanical risks, to be built for this purpose.
Factores asociados al ausentismo laboral y los costos que representa en la Universidad de Cuenca – periodo de análisis año 2015 y 2016
(2018) López Ortiz, Tatiana Estefanía; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The problem of work absenteeism is very common in all type of organizations; it has considerable consequences such as losses in productivity, impact on the absent worker and especially great economic losses. The aim of this project is to analyze the behavior of work absenteeism, the associated factors and the costs they represent in the University of Cuenca during 2015 and 2016. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. A population of 1,821 collaborators was studied in 2015; while 1,735 were studied in 2016. The variables were analyzed in terms of measures of central tendency (average and mode) and dispersion (median), as well as Chi square test, Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. The variables of Age, Position, Sex, Work Area, Type of hiring, Absences, months of highest absenteeism were taken and analyzed in number and frequency. Results: A total of 1,563 certificates of leave were registered, with a greater incidence in the female sex with 63%, the average of days lost among the two sexes have a statistically significant relationship (P=0,000˂0,05). The main cause of absenteeism were the diseases that affects the respiratory system (26.04%), musculoskeletal problems represent the 12.16%. There is a statistically significant relationship (P=0,000˂0,05) between the causes that rise absenteeism and the sex of the population. The approximate cost of absenteeism during the time studied was $ 801,439.10. Conclusions: The main cause of absenteeism was the affections of the respiratory system, with greater incidence in the female sex and in workers between 26 to 35 years old.
Mobbing. Estudio realizado en el personal docente y administrativo de las Facultades 1 y 2 de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2018) Román Jarrín, Jenny Gabriela; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
The present research was developed at the University of Cuenca, and its main objective is to determine the presence of mobbing in the administrative and teaching staff at two faculties in this institution. In order to fulfill this purpose, the main theoretical concepts emitted by experts in the subject were analyzed. Likewise, the research corresponded to a quantitative approach of descriptive, correlational and field type, also applying the inductive-deductive, analytic-synthetic and hypothetic-deductive methods. In the diagnosis of the organization current situation referring to mobbing, the Cisneros Questionnaire was applied to a 161-people sample, which contains 43 items describing workplace harassment behaviors, resulting in a high internal consistency (0.956). In this way, 18 mobbing victims’ cases were identified, which indicated as main negative behaviors: the evaluation of the person´s work in an inequitable mode, restrictions about the superior´s part referring the possibilities of communication, excessive exacerbation of the irrelevant mistakes, among other elements. Chi Square statistical tests showed that there is no association between gender, age and antiquity variables and mobbing, although it was possible to establish a relationship between mobbing and the authors of such behavior. In order to eliminate the detected mobbing situation, certain strategies were designed to prevent, intervene, control and evaluate them, formulating for each strategy the necessary actions for compliance.
Modelo de evaluación económica del costo-beneficio para la toma de decisiones en la implementación de medidas preventivas para la seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores en la Empresa Keramicos S. A.
(2016) Ledesma Ayora, Fabián Alberto; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
Accidents and occupational diseases have led to companies to take costs that have not been considered, not because they are less important but rather by ignorance. The research aims to provide security professionals and health a model in which to articulate the economic, technical and financial criteria that underpin strong proposals in negotiations with senior management. The development of the proposed economic model begins with the identification of hazards to continue the risk assessment based on a guideline or method to interpret the level of probability of occurrence of an accident or illness. Materialize before the intervention or control the model suggests a feasibility analysis of two moments; the first is related to productivity ie what happens when environmental conditions improve and the physical environment. In order to better understand the economic dynamics would be the second time; alleged scenarios of accidents or illnesses that try to cover items such as arise: fines for non-compliance, employer liability values, cost time not worked, etc. Once quantified the costs and valued control proposals they become items of income and expenditure for the financial analysis to determine the feasibility of the investment.
Riesgo biológico, psicosocial y ergonómico en los médicos internistas del área COVID del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-18) Zhapa Quezada, Diana Fernanda; Barragán Landy, Milton Francisco
A considerable proportion of internists have an unfavorable situation in the psychosocial field. The increased workload, physical and emotional exhaustion and the need to make ethically difficult decisions can have a negative effect on their mental and physical health. The objective of this academic essay is to identify dangers and evaluate the biological, psychosocial and ergonomic risks, to which internists are exposed. The methodology used was direct observation and surveys of the 5 internists who work in the COVID area of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM), and validated instruments such as the BIOGAVAL and PERCOVD method for biological risk, CoPsoQ ISTAS 21 for psychosocial and MAPO were applied. at ergonomic risk. Thus, it was found that when evaluating the risk for Hepatitis B, it exceeds the biological exposure limit (LEB), Hepatitis C and HIV exceed the Biological Action Level (NAB), and the risk of COVID 19 is high. In addition, 80% of the staff is in an unfavorable situation in terms of psychological demands, and they have a medium ergonomic risk. Thus, the psychological risk is one of the highest found in this population. The need to implement measures to reduce the identified risks is highlighted, in addition to conducting new studies that amplify the mental and physical health problems that occur when risks are not controlled.

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