Historia y Geografía-Tesis de Pregrado

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El azúcar se tiñó de sangre. Análisis del papel del Estado en la masacre del 18 de octubre de 1977, en el ingenio azucarero Aztra de La Troncal
(2019-05-08) Correa Mejía, Carlos Andrés; Patiño Arce, Sandro Emmanuel; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The massacre of Aztra, name by which a repressive event is known by the military dictatorship of Ecuador in the 70s. This occurred by the strike that broke out on October 18, 1977, at the facilities of Azucarero Aztra sugar mill. Of the Trunk. Because it was requested, the fulfillment of the III Collective Contract signed between the company and the workers. Where the police proceeded to forcibly evict the mutineers inside the facilities of the Ingenio. What left as balance 24 people dead and several disappeared. This investigation consists in the critical analysis of news of newspapers, magazines and interviews to the people who were in the massacre, trying to understand what were the motivations that the workers had, the role of the State and the consequences that occurred of this fatal event.
Cambios y continuidades en la elaboración de la chicha de jora en la parroquia de Jima, desde mediados del siglo XX
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-06-29) Sichiqui Ortega, Christian Fernando; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The chicha de jora is a very important drink in the history of the human being in the Andes, since it has accompanied him from its beginnings to the present. Now, being such a relevant drink in the development of the territory, we set out to learn about the changes and continuities that its production and consumption process has gone through during the last 50 years. In this way, the investigation began in the Jima parish belonging to the Sigsig canton of the province of Azuay, since the mentioned area has a long relationship with the fermented beverage since it has been carried out for a long time. Now, the study of the mentioned place was carried out through the bibliographic review, the interview and the participant observation, since a group of people who are from the parish and their voices are authorized to deal with the investigated topic was chosen. The information provided by the interviewees helped us to show that the elaboration and consumption of chicha de jora is a tradition that is rooted among the inhabitants of Jima, since it has been maintained until today through oral and generational teaching. . However, the biggest problem and threat that this drink suffers in the parish is the notable reduction in the amount of elaboration, since less and less chicha de jora is made, this is mainly due to a change in economic and productive activities in the parish, as well as other factors such as the technological advances that contemporaneity brings with it.
El aprendizaje virtual de la historia, en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID 19, del primero de bachillerato de la “Unidad Educativa del Milenio Paiguara”, de San Juan del Cantón Gualaceo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-19) Lucero Lucero, Henry Danilo; Tama Quichimbo, Carlos Gustavo; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
COVID-19 pandemic brought negative consequences in many areas and education was not the exception. That was the reason why it represented a threat to learning causing a massive closure of institutions and the nonpresence of students and teachers. Changes in the system were evident, this led to modify the onsite classes modality to another according to the circumstances of the moment. Therefore, virtual learning was massively implemented in the educational system as the most effective way to continue with the teachinglearning process. Its development was realized through electronic devices and video-call applications, chats, or software tools, all of them were functional by internet. This new "virtual education" was the opportunity for a curricular reform which was called "prioritized curriculum 2020". It was produced by the Ministry of Education with necessary changes to respond to the needs, interests and learning environments according to the context. In this way, this research pretends to know about the changes in the teaching-learning history process produced by the application of the 2020 curriculum. This study was carried out in the first year of high school of the "Unidad Educativa del Milenio Paiguara". The applied methodology was “qualitative” through student’s surveys and Social Sciencies teacher’s interviews. The information collected showed the development of virtual classes and their adaptation to this way of teachinglearning
El microensayo expositivo como estrategia de evaluación y herramienta de aprendizaje significativo de la Historia en tercero de Bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-11) Chimbo Vélez, Jorge Stalin; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
In the teaching and learning process of formal education, evaluation is a key part of the educational activity. Thus, when it is discussed, it is necessary to understand the evaluation as a process to build knowledge and not only as a measurement tool. However, the strategies traditionally applied to evaluate have been questioned lately for not being related to the critical pedagogical approach and the constructivist model established in the Ecuadorian educational curriculum. Regarding this paradigm, the activities and interactions carried out by students should favor their rational and critical thinking, individual and cooperative work, through different possibilities of dialogue and self-expression. For this end, there are several strategies proposed. One of these strategies is the literary genre of the micro-essay. Consequently, this research work analyzes the use of the expository micro-essay as an evaluation strategy and a significant learning tool for the History subject in the third year of high school. A qualitative methodological approach was used, applying tools such as documentary analysis and interviews with teachers and students who experienced the use of the micro-essay as an evaluation tool and as a part of a disciplinary project. Highlighting the weaknesses in the area of academic reading and writing, but at the same time visualizing, the students can make informed judgements using academic support. Also, this work validates the use of the expository micro-essay as a pedagogical strategy of evaluation in high school.
El municipio de Cuenca y la educación de las mujeres entre los años 1895 y 1925
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-22) Calle Chuqui, Janneth Johmara; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
This research work seeks to publicize the role played by the Municipality of Cuenca in the education of women, through different actions embodied in the town hall minutes of 1895- 1925 and the bibliographic review. Since, the process of inserting women into the educational system is a process of constant struggle, since education was influenced by thoughts and ideologies linked to political and religious tendencies, a situation that marked the different educational models. However, the secularization of education generated social tensions by seeking the modernization of the State and society. Where women are a key part, since according to the liberals, the nation cannot be modernized by leaving behind the groups that have traditionally been forgotten, so that new opportunities are generated in the educational field. In addition, in the government of Eloy Alfaro, the powers of the municipalities in education at the local level are ratified as long as they are under what is allowed by law, that is why the Municipality of Cuenca intervenes in issues of women's education despite not having financial resources or a budget specifically earmarked for education issues, satisfies to the extent of its possibilities what is required by schools in matters of: infrastructure, purchase of supplies, payment of salary, appointments of teachers and assistants, purchase of prizes for female students, approval of contracts for religious orders or women seeking to direct women's schools.
Enseñanza – aprendizaje de la cultura Cañari a través de un videojuego para el 9no de Educación General Básica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-29) Hernández Gómez, Esteban David; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The society’s advance in technological camp and his bond with the education makes teachers should propose news strategies that responses to the needs of the current and futures students. In this sense, it has been realized studies of different methodologies, for example relate the game with the formal education. At the same time, into the globalized world that we have been, is fundamental to mention to the Information and Communication Technologies and their resources with educational utility. However, exist technologies tools that are less used despite their great didactical potential for improve the teaching-learning process. For that, the objective of the present investigation is using a videogame for contribute to the knowledge of one of the cultures that had great importance in the center-south zone of the current Ecuador, and they get unnoticed in the curriculum and the educational contents: the Cañari culture. So, through the investigation of bibliographic material, will search detail the theoretical basis for the creation of a videogame used in the ninth grade of General Basic Education classrooms. The same way, will pope a methodological strategy for use it within the classroom and complement the learning about the Cañari culture. Among the results can be seen that the implementation of this methodology can favor in a considerable way the learning of the students.
Enseñanza de la historia en el Bachillerato General Unificado: importancia y objetivos en el currículo actual ecuatoriano
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-22) Morocho Alvarado, Juan Antonio; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
This study will focus on analyzing the objectives and importance of teaching the history subject in the Unified General Baccalaureate, because one of the problems that arose after the experiences based on pre-professional practices is the impact it has on the students the correct teaching of history and also, how it influences the correct approach to the objectives found in the Ecuadorian curriculum. From this perspective, the main objective is to be able to relate the importance of the teaching of history defended by several authors that we will mention throughout this project, and its relationship with what is proposed in the current Ecuadorian curriculum. The methodology focuses on content analysis, looking specifically at the curricular objectives of the history course for the Unified General Baccalaureate and also, how these are related to the explanations of various theorists that show the importance of the teaching of history in the educational context. As final results, it is expected to identify whether or not there is a relationship between what the current Ecuadorian curriculum raises and the epistemological theoretical proposals made by various authors; all this based on the particular study of the objectives set by the Ecuadorian curriculum for the subject of history in the Unified General Baccalaureate.
Estrategias de lectura crítica para alcanzar el aprendizaje significativo de historia en el bachillerato ecuatoriano
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-06) Pillco Chuqui, Carlos Eduardo; Rodríguez Cabrera, Alexander Omar; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
One of the main objectives of History is to train people who are active, questioning, critical and aware of their social reality. However, through pre-professional practices it has been shown that the achievement of this objective has not been carried out, due to certain factors such as traditionalist methodology used by some teachers, who do not use the appropriate strategies for the development of the teaching-learning process. This in addition to a literal and decontextualized reading of the texts, influence the mechanization of the contents, but not an analysis and reflect upon of them. In this sense, this research aims to adapt a series of critical reading strategies for the three levels of the Ecuadorian baccalaureate, which are designed so that the student achieves meaningful learning. Likewise, for the strategies, documents outside the school text are used in order to explore different sources (primary and secondary) to learn History.
La educación formal del cantón Azogues durante el periodo progresista (1883-1895)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-19) Guamán Paredes, Fernando Ismael; Piña Siguencia, Jaime Israel; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
Knowledge of the history of education has been somewhat impoverished, despite the fact that this is one of the most important elements in the development of a country. This situation is deeper in peripheral sectors in which incomplete local histories have been made, such is the case of the Azogues canton, and during periods of transition in the country, such as the progressive one in Ecuador, considered this as a middle path in the change from a conservative state to a liberal one at the end of the 19th century. Thus, this work will focus on the investigation of the development of formal education in the Azogues canton during the progressive period (1883-1895). Therefore, this historical investigation was carried out from the analysis of the minutes of the council corresponding to the chosen stage, together with the reports of the Minister of Ecclesiastical Business, Public Instruction, Justice, Beneficence and Charity and Statistics of the years 1890, 1892 and 1894. Through this work, it was concluded that formal education in the Azogues canton during the indicated period was characterized by being managed by the State, the Municipality and the Church and that, despite several ups and downs, a remarkable development was achieved in public education.
La formación del ciudadano a través del análisis de los textos de educación para la ciudadanía de primero y segundo de bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-09-28) Sinchi Sánchez, Carolina Elizabeth; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The educational system is guided through the Ecuadorian National Curriculum of 2016, which contains all the objectives that are expected to be achieved in the subjects of the different areas. In the case of the area of Social Sciences in the discipline of Citizenship Education established in first and second year of the Unified General Baccalaureate, a series of objectives are presented, oriented to develop the cognitive abilities of students based on the teaching of coexistence issues, rights, democracy, the State, among others. The objectives are intended to be achieved through the teaching-learning process and through the use of the Citizenship Education text. Faced with this, the question arises on how the citizen is formed through the school texts for Citizenship Education? To solve this mystery, a bibliographic and analytical methodology was used based on the revision of the texts of the aforementioned subject. The contents were analyzed taking into account certain categories such as: the type of explanatory, descriptive and narrative discourse, the sorts of conceptual, attitudinal and procedural content and finally the types of abilities that are intended to be developed through the skills with performance criteria. The results obtained through the qualitative analysis of the content, allows us to evidence that most of the texts of Citizenship Education are constituted by an explanatory discourse and conceptual content, from this perspective it is inferred that the text is an instrument which aims to achieve meaningful learning and develop critical thinking, resulting in a citizen capable of thinking, analyzing, reflecting and arguing about situations, facts that are presented in context
La historieta como herramienta para el aprendizaje significativo de la Historia, en tercero de bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-06) Lima Tenecela, Jackeline Alexandra; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
At present, achieving meaningful learning in the teaching of history presents several difficulties when the traditional teaching method is maintained. This approach, instead of motivating students, reduces historical facts to a simple memorization exercise. Therefore, it becomes essential to seek new ways of approaching the subject, where the choice of materials and teaching strategies favor a critical understanding of the past. From this perspective, the comic strip is considered an innovative resource, since it offers an alternative way of teaching history by combining text and image. In this context, the present work proposes the elaboration of an educational cartoon as a didactic resource, which revolves around the study of women from Cuenca between 1777 and 1800, highlighting their spaces and activities according to their condition and ethnic origin: Creole, indigenous, mestizo and black slaves. In addition, this initiative seeks to contribute to the rescue of local history and to visualize social actors in contexts that are usually treated in a very general way in the official account of the history text. The research was developed from a qualitative approach, of a descriptive documentary type, through a systematic bibliographic review and critical analysis of historical sources, which allowed the construction of theoretical and historical frameworks. As a result, a didactic proposal was designed that includes a planning and activities oriented to the development of historical thinking and meaningful learning in third year high school students, through the use of the cartoon as an educational material.
La novela gráfica como herramienta para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia en el segundo de bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-12) Granada Avecillas, Angie Melissa; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The teaching-learning process of History has traditionally been viewed as the continuous repetition and memorization of facts, posing a challenge for educators to employ didactic strategies that are dynamic, interdisciplinary, innovative, and promote critical-reflective thinking among students. Therefore, it is necessary to propose new approaches that strengthen the teaching-learning process of History and consolidate the scientific value of this subject. In response, this thesis focuses on proposing and applying a didactic strategy in which the graphic novel can be used for teaching history in high school; enabling students to engage in dynamic reading, fostering empathy with the protagonists of the studied events, and providing a broader perspective of history. A qualitative and quantitative methodology will be used, with Participatory Action Research, supported by critical pedagogy and the constructivist model. It is expected that through the application of the graphic novel in the history teaching-learning process, students will be able to develop the skills of corroborating, identifying, and contextualizing a historical event.
La oralidad como una estrategia activa para la enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre la migración de los años 90 en tercero de Bachillerato
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-10-24) Mora Cuji, Belén Paulina; Viñanzaca Padilla, Erika Belén; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
This paper analyzes the articulation between the constructivist pedagogical model and the application of active strategies in the teaching of history, highlighting oral communication as a central teaching resource. The paper reviews the theoretical contributions of authors such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Ausubel, who agree on the need to place the student as the protagonist of the educational process, prioritizing meaningful learning, cooperation, and real- world problem-solving. Through an oral communication-based strategy, implemented through participatory action research with third-year high school students, critical historical thinking, empathy, inquiry, and collective memory skills were promoted. The results show substantial improvements in the conceptual, emotional, and cultural understanding of migration as a historical phenomenon, as well as notable progress in the development of communicative, investigative, and social skills. oral memory, migration stories, historical empathy.
La representación de las mujeres en el texto oficial de historia de primero de BGU
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-17) Mejía Rodríguez, María Fernanda; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
Women and their role in history in a context of claiming rights and social roles are issues that have had a continuous impact on society, for which they have been approached from different points of view, such as political, social, economical and educational. That is why, based on these ideas, the latter was taken as a reference, since it is in this area where the knowledge that structures society and science is built. This is how it has been shown that androcentrism, discrimination and invisibility have been dominant elements around the history of women and their teaching through school textbooks. It is for this reason that the present investigation had as a general objective to analyze how women are represented in the official school text of History of the First of BGU in relation to the last curricular proposal of 2016. For this purpose, a qualitative approach was used with a documentary methodology and a content analysis technique. The results obtained made it possible to identify the changes and continuities present in relation to women in history taught in Ecuadorian public education and perhaps in private education. Likewise, it was possible to assess the progress made in this field of study in relation to gender equality enacted in educational innovations in recent years.
Memorias de la Pivihuarmi Cuxirimay Ocllo, una novela histórica para el aprendizaje sobre las mujeres en el incario
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-08) Calle Tapia, Erika Cristina; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The curriculum of the levels of obligatory education 2016, represents the project of education to guide the teaching and learning in different areas. I’m which it respects the area of Social Sciences, looking to promote from the postulates of the critique pedagogy and new history, the acknowledgment above all the social actors, especially those that were dispersed because of the traditional histographic. Matter in fact, scholar contents and texts still predominates the role of groups of power, and also reflects androcentric to exceed masculine figures. In consequence, it is evident the invisibility of the historic protagonist of the woman in the teaching and learning of the history of Ecuador. Likewise, the didactic strategies done during school classesfrom this discipline don't always promote the learning of a complete history or emphasize the role of women in distinct periods. In the face of the problem, the present job of the entitlement proposes the use of a historical novel like a didactic strategy, with the objective to promote and guide the acknowledgment from students about the protagonist role of women in a determined time period. For this final, it is considered the Ecuadorian novel, “Memories of the Pivihuarmi Cuxirimay Ocllo and Alicia Yánez Cossío”, which narrates the success of previous events in the time period of the Incaico empire. In which the methodology will imply qualitative analysis of texts, other words, will be held an analysis and interpretation of adequate secondary sources according to interests and objectives of present work. Finally, I entered the expected results is principally the elaboration of new and creative didactic strategies, starting from the utilization of the historic novel indicated for students of General Basic Superior Education.
Módulo de enseñanza de historia del Ecuador para décimo de básica
(2003) Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina; Carrasco Vintimilla, Manuel
Percepciones sobre la enseñanza -aprendizaje de la Historia en décimo año de educación básica de la Unidad Educativa Panamá, (2023-2024)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-19) Chumi Sánchez, Delia Marithza; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The research arose from observations made during work placements at the Panama Educational Unit in the city of Cuenca in the 2023-2024 school year, where it was detected that students consider History as irrelevant to their current lives. This lack of interest highlights the need to understand the perceptions of students and teachers about the subject. To address the following research work, a qualitative approach was used with various techniques. First, focus groups were held with parallel tenth year student’s "A", "B" and "C", which allowed a rich and varied exploration of their knowledge and opinions in an interactive environment. In addition, interviews were conducted with teachers to contrast student perceptions from the educators' point of view. Direct observation during the work practices provided information on the class dynamics and pedagogical strategies used. An exhaustive review of relevant literature was carried out to contextualize the findings and place them within the framework of previous research. This combination of qualitative techniques allowed a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the perceptions about the teaching-learning of History in the Educational Unit. Finally, the analysis of the results was carried out, which showed that the perception of History as a subject of memorization is a significant barrier to its teaching and learning, although both students and teachers recognize that it is essential to review and adapt the methods of teaching History to make it more relevant and attractive. that fosters a deeper understanding of the past and its relationship to the present and future.
Permacultura una alternativa de vida dentro de los parámetros del buen vivir: estudio de caso en la casa de acogida “María amor”
(2017) Jara Moscoso, Daniela Cristina; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The disturbing social and ecological issues that our planet is facing at present have managed to focus on posing different alternatives to act in favor of a healthy integral human-ecologic ecosystem. These alternatives intend to integrate the ecological, social, spiritual, cultural forefronts, among others, into a unique praxis. The following study deals with the possibility of carrying on ecological and social practices that, on one hand, are harmonious with the environment, and on the other hand, permit sustainability to our generation and the future ones. An important fact is the present focus on the need to reformulate and recreate the links with our fellows and the community as well as with our environment: nature and surroundings. Permaculture is an ecological design of a habitat lying in a specific space. Within its praxis and theory, we can find principles that guide us into the self-sufficiency path as related to food production and consumption as well as other aspects such as medicine, construction, etc., in addition to several other practices that will strength the links from the individuals to the environment by recycling and regenerating life. Such praxis invites us to foster the symbiotic relations in the space either with nature and the environment as with the people that coexist in this space. It will be possible to understand this praxis, by contextualizing it within concepts such as the relationality and the systemic besides considering the significances and live practices from the native people, as the Good Living. These concepts will clarify a new world perspective, a world where the existent interrelationships are visualized and where, the permaculturist, by using his/her intelligent to serve the natural-global system, is able to design a habitat that develops symbiotic relations that will be reflected then after in his/her own life.
Presencia salesiana en Sígsig: su impacto en la educación femenina entre 1950-1980
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-11) Plasencia León, Luis Miguel; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
This research aims to investigate the influence of the work of the “Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice” in the Sígsig canton, from the 50s to the 80s. This incidence implies the impact that this congregation has had at the level of education and society, mainly with the “Sigseñas” women, objective to analyze this impact and the historical repercussion of the Salesian presence in Sigsig, also identifying the fundamentals and principles of Salesian pedagogy such as Don Bosco's preventive system based on reason, love and religion, together with the pedagogy of charity and the stimulus of Maria Mazzarello, founders of the congregation whose teaching method is present in Sigsig. In the same way, carry out a construction of the collective history of the canton, based on the testimonies of Sigsig women, who have experienced first-hand the incidences of this Salesian presence in Sigsig, seen from the educational point of view with the work of the current school. María Mazzarello”, and from a social perspective where the great devotion present in the Sígsig to the “Maria Auxiliadora” is exposed, a practice instilled by the Salesian congregation.
Propuesta de Enseñanza-aprendizaje en Estudios Sociales para el Quinto año de Educación Básica de la escuela “Alfonso María Borrero”, año lectivo 2014-2015
(2016) Avilés Valverde, Andrea Soledad; Carrasco Aguilar, Nancy Catalina
The research is based on a teaching-learning proposal in Social Studies based on activities with a critical-constructivist focus and applied during the Third Block of the School Year in the Fifth Year „EGB‟ of the School “Alfonso María Borrero.” The Traditional Education that is based in the textbook and the memorization persists in the Schools in spite of the effort of the Ministry of Education to change these practices, therefore this proposal tries to prove that the pedagogic practice and didactics from alternative focuses are feasible regardless of pressures of time or demand in the presentation of qualifications. Methodologically, it was carried out a diagnosis in which the traditional practices were observed; then two working groups were organized, the first one in which the proposal was applied and the second that continues with the usual work; finally, the results were analyzed. The alternative proposal based on critic and constructivist pedagogy, alternative to the traditional work, demonstrated that the activities were completed in the established times and the academic results were better.

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