Trastornos de los sonidos del habla en niños de la Unidad Educativa Hermano Miguel La Salle, 2023-2024

Abstract

Background: Communication is important in social, educational and occupational performance. There are three types of Speech Sound Disorders (SSD): phonetic, phonological, and mixed. The phonoaudiologist works in different areas including education through the evaluation, intervention and diagnosis of speech disorders, which may occur in the children in educational institutions. Objective: To determine the incidence of speech sound disorders in girls and boys of the “Hermano Miguel La Salle” Educational Unit in the city of Cuenca, during the period 2023-2024. Methodology: Prospective research, descriptive cross-sectional, with a sample of 163 participants. Application of the Revised Phonological Phonetic Evaluation Protocol to obtain the incidence of TSH and for the registration of variables a self-made form was used. The statistical program SPSS 22 in Spanish was used for tabulation. Results: The incidence of TSH in the study population is 42.3%, with a majority in the male sex corresponding to 33.7% in relation to the female sex with 8.6%, there is evidence of a higher percentage of phonological TSH with 19.0%, followed by mixed TSH with 14.1% and finally phonetic TSH with 9.2%. Conclusions: The data obtained in this research agree with the studies of the literature review carried out, evidencing a higher incidence of cases of TSH in the male sex and a high rate of the same within the child population aged 4 to 6 years.