Evaluación genética de los alelos A1 y A2 de β-caseína en 5 razas bovinas

Abstract

The production of bovine milk is the main source of economic income for families in the Ecuadorian Austro, it is considered an essential product for their consumption. For this reason, farmers must take into account the quality of the milk they produce. The A2 variant of the βcasein gene has beneficial properties as it acts as a triglyceride and cholesterol lowerer. On the other hand, the A1 variant affects opioid receptors. Therefore, genetic evaluation was performed to determine the frequency of alleles A1 and A2 of the β-casein gene in five cattle breeds. Also, two sets of primers were compared for the identification of alleles. A total of 179 blood samples were collected from cattle from farms in the provinces of Azuay, Cañar and Guayas; PCR amplified the β-casein gene from DNA. The primer selected was the AS-PCR BC – ASPCR1For to obtain an amplicon of 854 base pairs, this was used throughout the laboratory analysis because it showed a much clearer and more defined band pattern in the electrophoresis results. The gene frequency for both the A1 and A2 alleles was 50% and the genotypic frequency was 92% for heterozygotes. For this reason, it is concluded that the population under study is in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and there is no inbreeding between races.