Factores asociados a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, hospitales José Carrasco Arteaga y Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2011-2012

Abstract

Main objective: Our main objective is to determine risk factors which are associated to chronic pulmonary disease, among patients who are 40-85 years old, who were attended to the external consultation wards or admitted to the Internal Medicine and Pneumology Departments of the Jose Carrasco Arteaga and Vicente Corral Moscoso hospitals from 2011 to 2012.

Materials and methods: This is a case-control research. Our sample was calculated taking in account a 95% confidence interval, 80% ratio of statiscal power, odds ratio of 3 and a 10% of exposition factor with its lowest frequency; a couple procedure was applied according to sex and age and were interned in a sequential manner. All data was obtained by a direct interview and was analyzed with the SPSS analytics software.

Results: 318 patients were evaluated, of whom, 106 were cases and 212 controls. Both groups were similar in relation to age and sex (p>0.05). 72.3% were male, with an average of 62.4 years old (±13.1D.E.). The pack/year index superior to 20 was a risk factor for COPD (OR de 9.03, CI95%, 3.76 – 21.72; p = 0.000), equally biomass fumes exposure in years/hours index greater than a 100 (OR 9.65, CI 95% 4.87-19.32, p=0.000). Dust exposure, air pollution and family antecedents of COPD in patients’ parents were not risk factors for COPD.

Conclusions: The risk factors for COPD are attributable to smoking and biomass fumes exposure.