Prevalencia de patología psiquiátrica, características de prescripción y efectos adversos de los psicofármacos en adultos mayores de los Centros Gerontológicos del Azuay en el período enero-marzo de 2013

Abstract

Objective: "To determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, psychotropic prescribing characteristics and adverse effects in adults over gerontology centers of the province of Azuay, in 2013". Methodology. Cross-sectional study was worked with 289 elderly residents of Azuay gerontology centers; selected by simple randomization, proceeding to fill the form based on clinical history. Results. Older adults with psychiatric diagnosis, 23% are above 90 years. Prevalenceof43.2% of older adults whoconsumepsychoactive drugs, regardless of the presence or absenceof psychiatric pathology. Of the 124 patients with psychiatric diagnosis, 78.2% receive psychotropic drugs. The 16% of patients without psychiatric diagnosis receive medication. The 38% of patients presents dementia, 25% depression, 18% mixed disorders. Of the patients receiving psychotropic drugs, 7% had gastrointestinal adverse effects.The 19% have potential drug interactions.According tothe pharmacological group, antipsychotics were themost prescribed at56.4. The 51% receiving risperidone and 24% Fluoxetine. The middle dose of risperidone was 0,97mg with a standard deviation of 0.82. The middle dose of fluoxetine 18,4mg with a standard deviation of 3.74. Conclusions. In gerontology centers of Azuay, the most prevalent psychiatric condition was dementia (38%). Being most common psychiatric disorders in females and in patients over 90 years. The most used psychoactive drug was risperidone both in patients with psychiatric disorders as in those without diagnosis, route of administration most commonly used was the oral one. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions appeared to 7% of patients and 19% develop potential drug interactions.