Evaluación de los efluentes generados en la producción de hormigón descartados al río Machángara, Cuenca, Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: Different types of industrial effluents are received in the Machangara River, because it crosses the area of the Industrial Park. The company ETAPA EP placed a monitoring network in this area, but there are other industries outside. This work aims to analyze an effluent that is not monitored by this facility, since the industry that discharges it into the river does not belong to the park. Objectives: Evaluate the effluents generated in the production of concrete that are discharged into the Machangara River. Develop a baseline study of the effluents to determine the problem analytes. Define a treatment plan for the effluents and propose alternatives for consumption or reuse. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The problem analytes were determined by different methods of analysis for the different physicochemical parameters. Results: The problem analytes were pH, carbonates, chemical oxygen demand, sedimentable solids, suspended solids, total solids, hexane-soluble substances, aluminum, arsenic, chromium, iron and manganese. The effluent generated can be reused in the concrete production process by 30% and 5% when mixed with raw water. Conclusions: The effluents do not meet the permissible limits set forth in the Organic Environmental Code. Reuse is possible when mixed with raw water, thus complying with the limits established by INEN 2617:2012. Although there are various treatments for effluents, many of the industries are not willing to invest in them.