Evaluación del rendimiento de cinco variedades de papas nativas precoces (Solanum tuberosum L.) bajo la aplicación de diferentes niveles de fertilización química, Cantón El Pan-Azuay

Abstract

In Ecuador, potato cultivation is one of the most important items of the production systems of the Ecuadorian highlands, it constitutes an important source of food, in addition to being the main source of economic income for the peasant family. For this reason, in the present work, the yield of five varieties of early native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) was evaluated under the influence of different levels of chemical fertilization, where four varieties of early native potatoes plus a local control were evaluated, under the influence of influence of three chemical fertilization levels (F1 100%; F2 75%; F3 50%). A split plot design with completely randomized blocks (DBA) was used in a factorial arrangement (3x5), with 15 treatments, which comes from the combination of three types of fertilization (F1, F2, F3) and four varieties of early native potatoes. plus, a chaucha type control (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5), with three repetitions, total 45 experimental units (UE). Among the fertilizers used are 18-46-00 (DAP), 00-00-60 (KCl) and urea, of which the first was used in its entirety and 50% of 00-00-60 (KCl) at time of planting, and the urea was applied in its entirety as well as the rest of the 00-00-60 (KCl) in the hilling. From the results obtained for yield and the statistical analysis carried out, for factor A (Fertilization) there were no statistically significant differences, while factor B (Varieties) did present significant differences, and for the interaction (AB) there were statistical differences for the variable yield per hectare (t/ha). Tukey's test at 5% for factor B (Varieties) placed the Carrizo variety (V4) as the one with the highest yield with 34.28 t/ha. Regarding the benefit/cost ratio of the evaluated treatments, it was shown that the T5 (F1V5) treatment corresponding to the Witness variety with 100% fertilization had a higher benefit/cost ratio with values of 1.71 USD/ha, and concluding that for every dollar invested, 0.71 cents are recovered. Keywords: Fertilizers