Prevalencia de neoplasias en perros de la ciudad de Cuenca diagnosticados por histopatología en el periodo 2015-2021

Abstract

Since cancer is the main cause of death in elderly animals, this study focuses on the high incidence of neoplasm cases in dogs. In order to assess the frequency of appearance of the different types of neoplasms and their degree of association with risk factors (race, age, sex), 388 histopathology reports of dogs in the city of Cuenca were collected. These reports provided a complete background of the patients as well as their diagnosis, and they were categorized into different groups within each variable, according to their race (high crossbreeds and mixedbreeds), age group (adults and geriatrics), and sex (males and females). In addition, the degree of mastocytoma differentiation was classified using the Kiupel scale into low and high grade. The results obtained showed that 58,25% of the diagnosed neoplasms were found in the integumentary system being mastocytoma the more prevalent (14.2%) followed by cutaneous hemangiosarcoma (7%) and histiocytoma (6.7%); regarding the association with risk factors, it was observed that geriatric dogs are 2.25 times more likely to develop mast cell tumors than adults. A similar behavior was presented by hemangiosarcoma, developing 2.6 times more in geriatrics, while histiocytoma showed a predilection for males (5.7:1) and adults (3,3:1). Regarding the degree of differentiation, high-breeding dogs are 4.27 times more susceptible to developing low-grade mastocytoma than mixed-breeds. In conclusion, age has a closer association with the development of neoplasm cases, taking precedence over factors such as sex and race without dismissing their relevance as predisposing agents.