Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a transfusiones sanguíneas: Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, septiembre 2010-febrero 2011

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether blood transfusion is necessary or unnecessary and associated risk factors, in patients over age 19, admitted to the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during september 2010 to february 2011.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study to determine the necessity of whole blood transfusions and/or packed red blood cells in the Departments of Clinical Surgery, Emergency, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Operating Room and Intensive Care, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso the city of Cuenca. The information was obtained by direct transcription of data from medical records and was analyzed using SPSS and Excel software.

Results: The study included 3,186 patients. There was a prevalence in transfusions of 9.3% with males predominant at 18.1%, RR 2.73 (95% CI, 2.21-3.38), p = 0.000; and in the corresponding age group 45 to 64 years with 11.9%, RR 1.47 (95% CI, 1.18-1,83), p = 0.0005. A total of 37.3% of transfusions given were considered unnecessary. Risk factors such as: severe anemia, chronic anemia, acute trauma with blood loss, and surgery are associated with blood transfusions in 81.8%, 30%, 20% and 10.9% of cases respectively (p ˂ 0,005).

Conclusion: The prevalence of transfusions of whole blood and / or packed red blood cells in the HVCM is 9.3%. The unnecessary transfusions total 37.3%. Acute anemia, chronic anemia, acute trauma with blood loss, and surgery all increase the risk of receiving a blood transfusion.