Factores de riesgo en el retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, 2008

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors of risk in the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in neonates of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, of the city of Cuenca during the year 2008. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It´s a case-control study. The cases were small newborns related to their gestacional age according to the curve of Battaglia and Lubchenco, The controls were newborn of appropriate weight. 35 cases and 105 controls were studied (1:3). The data was analyzed with OR (95%IC), squared Chi and logistic regression using the method of Likelihood Ratio. The data was analyzed in Epi Info 3.3.1 and SPSS v. 15.0 RESULTS: Statistically significant association in the prenatal controls was observed with an OR 5.71 (95 % IC 2.50–13.0); the urinary tract infection has an OR 2.27 (95 % IC 1.02–5.08). The pre eclampsia has an OR 30.1 with a 95% IC among 1.57–575, with an extremely high superior value, due to the absence of patient with preeclampsia in the control group. The OR analysis is statistically significant in 9 of the 21 studied variables. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors in order from bigger to smaller association correspond to pre eclampsia, smaller prenatal controls at 6, birth interval less than to two years, residence, instruction and the mother's civil state, IMC, mother’s low tall and urinary tract infection. There was not significant association when comparing primiparity, previous placenta, use of medications, threatens of abortion, previous abortions and the sex of the newborn. According to the model of logistic regression, factors as UTI and the number of prenatal controls smaller than 6 should be considered because of their behavior.

WORDS KEY: INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR), FACTORS OF RISK, CASES AND CONTROLS.