Comportamiento de los patrones de segregación residencial por procesos de exclusión en movilidad en el área rural del cantón Cuenca

Abstract

The urbanization processes that regions experience unleash multidimensional urban phenomena such as the residential segregation which is shown in the housing structure of cities and the countryside. Moreover, factors such as the urban-rural dependence or aspects of the urban economy which preset the setting-up location of the houses depending on the socio-economic conditions of the population. As a result, different levels of segregation with differentiated patterns both in urban and rural areas were obtained. In this way, this project aims to contribute to the reduction of the residential segregation index in impoverished families. In the existing setting of sociospatial inequality, the present research is based on the application of a methodological framework that allows to study the performance of the residential segregation patterns affected by the variation of an exclusion factor in mobility; taking a significant sample of the rural territory of Cuenca as the area of study. Likewise, in 11 of the studied rural communities, the levels of residential segregation were identified by means of two dimensions which are as follows: a) the exposure and its interaction index, and b) the grouping with the index of spatial proximity, relative grouping and interaction with decreasing distance. The studied rural communities presented high levels of interaction and spatial proximity. Nevertheless, several demographic simulations with socially homogeneous groups were carried out in order to determine patterns that demonstrate the trends of segregation in these territories. Finally, through an analysis of the current situation regarding mobility, the enlargement of two routes of public transportation was proposed with the purpose of establishing the occurrence of the mobility factor in the selected residential segregation index. Thus, establishing mobility solutions which contribute to diminish the residential segregation in these areas. In accordance with the decisions made, it was observed that the performance of the residential segregation index vary depending on the population density of the social group, and the pattern of occupation. In addition, the index also vary if the segregation takes place in potential growth corridors which are undergoing the process of consolidation, or if it occurs in interior population cores of the communities