Adherencia al tamizaje de cáncer de cérvix en mujeres de la parroquia de Guarainag, cantón Paute. 2021

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the second gynecological cancer in Ecuador, only after breast cancer, at a national level there is a high prevalence of this pathology despite being a preventable disease through the timely detection of cancer and/or attendance to vaccination programs. According to national regulations, the main way of screening is through PAP, however, the rural Ecuadorian population mostly lacks in the proper application of this screening. Objectives: To determine the adherence of women from the parish of Guarainag of the canton of Paute to cervical cancer screening. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, the data were obtained by means of a form applied to women since 18 years of age in the Guarainag community, from a total known universe of 456 women using the prevalence from PAP we took a sample of 208 women with a 95% confidence interval; the data were represented using simple and compound tabulation in Excel 2019 and SPSS 24 where the variables, their frequency and percentages were analyzed, as well as graphs and other statistics such as relative risk, confidence interval and value of P. Results: In this study 25.4% of women were found that they had not been screened with PAP, and it was limitated by circumstances such as fear, lack of knowledge, lack of access and favored by adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and the performance of other screenings. Conclusions: There is still a percentage of women without screening. The variables that had a statistically significant relationship in our study being limitans were: fear, lack of knowledge, lack of access; while adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and the performance of other screenings favored the accomplishment of the PAP. Its important to perform a deep analysis about the early detection measures of cancer, coming from the social and demographic factors to generate prevention strategies.