Frecuencia y complicaciones de los cambios hipertensivos en mujeres primigestas del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, durante el periodo enero – diciembre del 2019

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, hypertensive disorders are one of the most common complications of pregnancy and are responsible for a significant percentage of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Hypertension of pregnancy (i.e., all hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia) complicates approximately 10% of pregnancies in low- and middle-income countries. In Ecuador, preeclampsia and eclampsia are the leading causes of maternal death from 2006 to 2014, and account for 27.53% of all maternal deaths. Objectives: To determine the frequency and complications of hypertensive changes in primigravida women of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital, during the period January-December 2019. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study whose universe is made up of all the medical records of primigravida patients admitted to the hospitalization area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital in the period January to December 2019. Sociodemographic and clinical data from the patients' medical records were analyzed using the SPSS v. 25 statistical program, and presented in tables using the frequency and percentages of the variables. Results: The number of medical records used in the study was 386. 24.6% presented hypertensive changes, preeclampsia was the most frequent 15.28%. The

median age was 26.94 (SD: ±6.5), 41.05% were married, 48.42% were highly- education, 63.16% were urban, and 16.84% were generally assured. Thyroid

disorders were the most common comorbidity 13.7%. The most frequent complication was preterm birth 21.1%. Conclusions: The frequency of hypertensive changes in hospitalized primary women was high and the complications that occurred were preterm birth, placental abruption, HELLP syndrome, liver rupture and/or injury, and renal failure, in order of frequency.