Determinación social del estado nutricional de los niños menores de 5 años de los cantones Camilo Ponce Enríquez, Cuenca, Girón, Nabón, Oña, Pucará, San Fernando, Santa Isabel atendidos por el MIES en el año 2018

Abstract

Background: The processes of Social Determination (SD) mark the nutritional status of boys and girls, which plays an important role in body growth, in the development of their cognitive abilities and in imnunological conditions. Objective: The Social Determination of the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age from the cantons Camilo Ponce Enríquez, Cuenca, Girón, Nabón, Oña, Pucará, San Fernando, Santa Isabel attended by the MIES in 2018, using a MIES database. Methods: cross-sectional analytical study. For the analysis of the results, the SPSS 15.0 software and the statistical tests were used: OR, confidence intervals and p <0,05. Results: it was found that more than 50% of preschoolers are between 25 and 60 months old, 50.50% correspond to males, the mestizo ethnic group predominated in 97.69% and the largest number of participants were from Cuenca (58.35%). In the analysis of the particular level, a statistical association was found between "is in the care of someone" with "residence" and "vulnerability"; "Who cares for the child" with "vulnerability"; “Violence with vulnerability”, with “home ownership” and “overcrowding”; “Enough food” with “residence”, “vulnerability”, “home ownership” and “overcrowding”. At the singular level, a significant association was found between “chronic malnutrition” with “age”, “who cares” and “violence”; "Overweight / obesity" with "age" and "is in the care of someone"; anemia with “age” and “enough food”. A prevalence of 74.1% of chronic malnutrition was found. Conclusions: there are destructive factors in lifestyles and lifestyles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a surveillance system from the perspective of critical epidemiology.