Revisión sistemática de la fluorosis dental en niños de 7 a 15 años, flúor del agua de consumo y otros factores en el Ecuador año 1997-2020

Abstract

The objective of the study is to analyze the factors associated with dental fluorosis (DF) in children and the fluoride content in drinking water reported in Ecuador for the year 1997-2020 from a systematic review of the literature. A secondary, observational and retrospective research was carried out from primary bibliographic sources; Fifty-nine references were found, 30 studies published or not in scientific journals were selected and included because they met the inclusion criteria, all with an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional methodological design. The data were extracted into a matrix in Excel 2013 prepared for convenience, finally the extracted data were compared according to the variable (s) of analysis that were included in the investigations: dental fluorosis, oral hygiene habits, type of diet and water for consumption. It was found that the provinces of Imbabura, Chimborazo and Tungurahua belonging to the Sierra have high prevalence of low severity DF, in addition that the localities of Imbabura, Chimborazo and Pichincha present high concentrations of fluorides in drinking water; on average 0.91 fluoride units throughout the Sierra region, this and other factors converge in the manifestation of the pathology. In conclusion, after analyzing and relating the data, it is obtained that there are several causal agents of this pathology that converge in the prevalence of FD, the Sierra region meets several socioeconomic and physiological conditions, these grouped at high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water make this region an endemic area of the disease