Criterios de selección de talentos para el levantamiento olímpico de pesas. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

The success that a coach can have in selecting a talent in a competitive sport such as Olympic weightlifting will depend a lot on the criteria applied, fundamentally considering the specific characteristics of the sport and the conditions that a child or adolescent must have to to be considered within the sports elite. Undoubtedly, there are many criteria for selecting a talent, from an empirical process to using physiological, body composition and genetic parameters. For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the most efficient and scientifically proven criteria for selecting talents for Olympic weightlifting, through a systematic review of the various criteria used worldwide, to be considered and applied, in order to to unify them and to serve as a guide to the technicians of this sport at a national and international level. The search for studies was carried out in ten scientific databases, determining the publications of the last 30 years in English and Spanish with a filter by relevance. Sixteen potential articles that met the parameters established for the present systematic review were determined. A predominance of parameters that evaluate explosive strength, body composition and somatotype was evidenced. Systematizing the criteria to be considered as the most objective: calculation of the somatotype, the deep squat vertical jump test, the long jump without impulse run, the throw of the 2kg medicine ball and the snatch squat test.