Incidencia de los factores de riesgo en neonatos del Hospital “San Juan de Dios”. Cuenca, 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development of the infant in its early years is determined by internal and external factors, which will allow its expression or modify them, due to this a thorough assessment of the newborn is essential, detecting early agents that can influence the full development of the child. In this study, the Clinical Book of "Integrated Attention to Prevalent Childhood Diseases" (IAPCD 2016) will be used, a comprehensive tool aimed at preserving health and reducing morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age, for which it integrates components of social, community and clinical integration. OBJECTIVE: Identify the incidence of risk factors for newborns at the Hospital "San Juan de Dios". METHODOLOGY: Study is of a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative modality. The study population was newborns from the San Juan de Dios Hospital. For the analysis and interpretation of the data, the IBM program, SPSS was used. The qualitative variables will be expressed in percentages and frequencies, which will be presented in statistical tables and graphs, while for quantitative data measures of central tendency will be used: mean, median and mode. The results are presented using the Microsoft Excel 2016 program through statistical tables and graphs. RESULTS: In a sample of 80 neonates, 55% were male and 45% female. 94% of the population was born weighing more than 2,500 grams; adequate, followed by 6% with a weight of 1,500- 2,499 g and none were born with a weight between the range of 1.00-1.499. 94% of the neonates did not require resuscitation and 6% did require resuscitation. 90% of the newborns were born at term; between 37-41 weeks, 8% were preterm births; <37 weeks and 3% were born after 41 weeks, post-term. Regarding congenital anomalies, 93% did not present any type of anomalies and 1% was obtained for each of the following pathologies: hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, Down syndrome, imperforate anus and necrotizing enterocolitis.