Características y mortalidad de los pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico grave del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso-Cuenca. Periodo Enero - Diciembre 2019

Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), considered as any structural o functional damage to the skull or its’ content due to a sudden mechanical energy exchange, is an entity with an approximate worldwide incidence of 939 cases per 100,000 habitants, with a total of 69 millions cases per year. About 7.95% of affected people belong to severe classification, having a mortality of 50%. TBI has a considerable potential of mortality and physical, cognitive and psychosocial sequelae. These aspects can be influenced by demographic, clinic and therapeutic factors. Objective: To describe the characteristics and mortality of patients with severe traumatic brain injury at “Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso-Cuenca”, JanuaryDecember 2019. Methodology: Retrospective observational study, based on the harvesting of demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features, additionally to outcome status at hospital discharge of all patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury, admitted on the intensive care unit or trauma center at “Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso”. All the obtained information was registered in the authors’ forms and afterwards a data base was created in SPSS v.25. Results are exposed in simple boards of frequency and percentage. Results: There were 35 patients with severe TBI, about 62% of them were young adults and the majority belonged to male gender. Low grades (3-5points) in Glasgow coma scale, anemia and Marshall Classification type IV were representative at hospital admission. Antiepileptic drugs were used in more than 50%. A 60% of patients had neurosurgical intervention. The overall mortality was 42,9%, with only 55% of alive patients with 14-15 points in Glasgow coma score at hospital discharge. Conclusions: Young male adults are the most affected. The most frequent characteristics on admission are scores less than 5 on the Glasgow coma scale and anemia. Marshall’s classification was the factor with the greatest variability from admission to 48h. Surgical therapeutics and the use of anticonvulsants are the most applied. Mortality from severe TBI in HVCM is high, exceeding the 40% of patients