Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes de consulta externa del Hospital Luis F. Martínez del cantón Cañar, enero – diciembre 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND Currently, despite the multiple efforts made by the Ministerio de Salud Pública, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than 70% of the Ecuadorian population; due to it is asymptomatic, its diagnosis often comes when the condition gets worse, for this reason chronic diseases appear such as cancer, so, the promotion and prevention of health, helps to anticipate the factors associated with its appearance. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori, in the results of patients who attended an outpatient clinic at the Luis F. Martínez Hospital of the Cañar canton, January - December 2018. METHODOLOGY A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study was carried out, with a sample of 369 results of the patients who attended the Luis F. Martínez Hospital of the Cañar canton with a request for the determination of Helicobacter pylori in feces. The data obtained were tabulated using IBM SPSS version 23 (SPSS Statistics Base) and analyzed by percentage tables in Microsoft Excel 2010. RESULTS The 46.9% of the patients who came to the outpatient clinic of the Luis F. Martínez Hospital of the Cañar canton during 2018 presented positive Helicobacter pylori in stool, with women having the highest prevalence (69.3%), in ages between 27 to 64 years (61.27%). When analyzing the associated factors, patients who have relatives with a diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori occupy 80%, with a relative risk value of 4.51.