Estrategia metodológica para la enseñanza de poliedros regulares en geometría plana y del espacio

Abstract

The present degree work proposes a didactic guide with the help of methodological strategies and didactic resources, designed with constructivist guidelines. This proposal seeks to support the teaching work, providing innovative didactic activities for the teaching of spatial geometry in the subject of regular polyhedrons. In the first chapter, information is gathered about the difficulties students present when analyzing three-dimensional figures. Then, the pedagogical current of constructivism is developed, based on the authors David Ausubel with his theory of significant learning and Lev Vygotsky with his theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZDP). Finally, the diverse strategies, techniques and didactic resources that support the development of the proposal are analyzed. The second chapter details the field research carried out with students from the University of Cuenca, in the Mathematics and Physics career. Two research techniques were applied, the first was the survey based on obtaining data on how the classes were developed; if they present difficulties and what resources would be ideal to have constructivist classes. The second was the test, in which it was evident that the contents were not learned in a significant way. These two techniques were analyzed by means of statistical graphs and tables. The third chapter is the development of the proposal, based on the design of a didactic guide for the teacher that contains six classes, each one of them with methodological strategies, techniques, didactic resources and recommendations that help to promote meaningful classes.