Prevalencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico y factores asociados. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2018

Abstract

Objective: to determine the prevalence of ISQ and the associated factors at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, during the year 2018. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional study of prevalence in the area of surgery of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital was carried out in 2018. It was carried out with 233 medical records that met the inclusion criteria to establish the prevalence of SSI and factors. Associated as: age, preoperative stay, diabetes mellitus, drainage use, classification of the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA), obesity, blood transfusion, antibiotic prophylaxis, open surgical approach, degree of wound contamination, surgical time, admission to intensive care. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed with the SPSS program, to establish the association between the SSI and the risk factors. The same ones that are specific in tables with their respective statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of SSI was 16.30%, a statistically significant association was found with surgical time greater than 120 minutes, use of drains, open surgical approach, admission to intensive care unit, ASA III-IV, contaminated and dirty wound, preoperative stay greater than 24h (p ‹0.05). There was no statistical association with body mass index greater than 25, diabetes mellitus, age over 65 years or with blood transfusion. Conclusions: The SSI is within the reported ranges, the factors for SSI are duration of surgery 120 minutes and more, preoperative stay 24 hours and more, ASA III and IV, contaminated and dirty wound, blood transfusions, use of drains, admission to the intensive care unit, conventional approach and lack of administration of antibiotics before surgery. It was not found as a risk factor for overweight or obesity, diabetes mellitus, the age of 65 years and more; nor who receive blood transfusions.