Prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2010

Abstract

Objective. To determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NI) and its associated factors in a hospital complexity level three in a period of one year. Material and metods. Using a cross-sectional design, we collected 400 records of patients of Vicente Corral Moscoso Teaching Hospital, Cuenca, who were hospitalized in 2012 in Clinical, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Neonatology, Obstetrics, ICU and Emergency. We analyzed the prevalence of NI and its associated factors were identified by calculation of the RP (95%) and the magnitude of the association using Pearson 2. Results. The prevalence of nosocomial was 19.8% and germs detected were cocci and Gram + and -. The most prevalent infections were sepsis (75.9%), urinary tract infection (11.3%) and pneumonia (10.1%). In Clinical Pediatrics and Neonatology is a higher prevalence of IN. Average age of the sample 52.4 ± 23.1 years (range 1 to 99), 54% were women. Average hospital stay 14.8 ± 12.7 days (range 3 to 90). Factors significantly associated (P <0.05). To the IN were: famale gender [OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.2)], age over 51 years [OR 2.1 (95% 1.4 to 3.2)], malnutrition [OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.6)], hospital stay> 15 days [OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.3) ], nasogastric tube [OR 19.4 (95% CI 8.1 to 47.0)], parenteral nutrition [OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.2 to 6.3)], antibiotics [OR 4.4 (95 % 2.1 to 9.4)], mechanical ventilation [OR 4.4 (95% CI 3.2 to 6.3)], endotracheal intubation [OR 3.2 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.7)] and blood transfusions [OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.1)]. Discussion. The rate of nosocomial infections in our hospital was higher than expected. The associated factors identified are similar to those reported in the literature.