Prevalencia de disfonías y su etiología en los pacientes del área # 3 de Rehabilitación de adultos del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, en el periodo 2017-2018

Abstract

Dysphonia is a vocal disorder of multifactorial origin, including biological, anatomical, emotional and lifestyle aspects. All these, combined or in isolation with intense vocal demand contribute to the appearance of vocal pathologies and affects the qualities of it. The voice is related to the physical and emotional aspects of each individual, it is an essential work tool that allows communication and mediation with other individuals. People with vocal alterations can present difficulties at a social, professional and emotional level that interfere in their performance and impact on communication. (1)Type of study: This research is descriptive-retrospective.General Objective: To determine the prevalence of dysphonia and its etiology in the patients of Area # 3 of Rehabilitation of adults of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, in the period 2017-2018.Methodology: To determine the prevalence of dysphonia and its etiology in Hospital "José Carrasco Arteaga", a review of the clinical history was made in the database of those patients who presented a diagnosis of Dysphonia during the last 2 years. The data that was obtained was tabulated through the SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel programs, using frequency tables and percentages to better understand the results.Results:In this study, 145 patients were registered, of which 67.59% were women and 32.42% men. 42.76% among men and women were engaged in education, followed by "Others" (retirees, housewives, students and health personnel) with 40.00%. The most frequent age was recorded in “older than 61 years” with 33.79%, and among the “51 to 60 years” with 30.35%. As for the most representative etiologies, they are of an “Acquired” character (Laryngeal cancer, thyroidectomies and GERD), in women with 27.59% and in men with 15.55%, due to vocal overexertion, 13 were found. 10% in women and 8.28% in men. In attending Phonoaudiological Intervention in Area # 3 of Adult Rehabilitation it was shown that 57.93% did not go to therapy and 42.07% of patients did.Conclusion: Dysphonia is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in professionals dedicated to teaching, followed by housewives, students, health personnel and retirees, who have a high rate of vocal pathology. This study shows a higher prevalence of dysphonia in people dedicated to teaching, which represents a significant risk of presenting benign alterations of the larynx, linked to the lack of vocal education