Prevalencia de trastornos del sueño y factores asociados en estudiantes del Colegio de Bachillerato Benigno Malo. Cuenca, 2018

Abstract

Objective: our goal was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders and associated factors in students from Colegio de Bachillerato Benigno Malo of Cuenca, 2018. Metodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted on 285 randomly selected students. The Bruni’s sleep disturbance scale was used to evaluate the existence of sleep disorders. The CRAFFT scale was used to classify the consumption of psychoactive substances (alcohol and other drugs). Physical activity was measured based on the physical activity questionnaire of Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología en Alimentos (INTA). The consumption of caffeine was evaluated through questions to the respondent. The data was analyzed through the SPSS version 18 program; simple frequency and percentage tables were obtained. For the association, the prevalence ratio and p value were calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results: mean age was 16.13 years old, with a standard deviation of 1.03 years; in 54.7% of the cases, belonging to the male sex. The prevalence of sleep disorders was as follows: initiating/maintaining of sleep, 58.5%; excessive sleepiness, 57.4%; alterations in sleep-wake transit, 52.9%; arousal disorders, 50.9%; respiratory problems related to sleep, 30.4%; finally, hyperhidrosis of sleep, with 18.3%. With values of p<0.05, the consumption of psychoactive substances had a statistically significant association with the following disorders: sleep initiating/maintaining problems: PR 1.3; disturbances of sleep wakefulness: PR 1.4 and excessive sleepiness: PR 1.4. The male sex had a significant association with sleep hyperhidrosis (PR: 1.7), with a value of p <0.05. Conclusions: the prevalence of sleep disorders is higher than that reported by the majority of studies in adolescent students. The most important factor is the consumption of psychoactive substances.