Análisis de la relación entre la carga postural y los factores de riesgo psicosocial en los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana y la Universidad del Azuay

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the postural load and the psychosocial risk factors to which the students of Electronic Engineering of two universities are exposed. Methodology: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study in 78 students. The postural load was evaluated with the REBA method, for the calculation of the prevalence the Nordic Questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms was applied. The psychosocial risk factors were evaluated with the questionnaires of intra- and extra-employment conditions, of the battery of psychosocial risk assessment instruments of Colombia. Results: 82.05% (UDA) and 83.73% (UPS), of the postures evaluated, obtained a high risk for postural load, showing a high frequency of neck flexion between 0-20º in the two universities and 20 -60º in back flexion in the UPS. 69.23% (UDA) and 79.49% (UPS) showed a prevalence of pain symptoms in some body area, the most representative being neck and back symptoms. The demand for work (53.85% UDA, 69.23% UPS) and most of its dimensions were the most influential in the level of intra-labor risk. The level of extra-labor risk was high in all dimensions and higher in the UPS. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the postural load and any of the psychosocial risk factors. Conclusions: Although there is no significant evidence, intervention aimed at the prevention of ergonomic and psychosocial risk is necessary, given the high levels present in students.