Prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes (15-19 años) en colegios urbanos de la ciudad Cuenca y factores asociados. 2017.

Abstract

Background: most of the research carried out in Ecuador on the subject was carried out in adolescents in night schools, centers or shelters, among others, our study was conducted in urban schools in the city of Cuenca. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the consumption of psychoactive substancies in adolescents (15-19 years) in urban schools in the city of Cuenca and the associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, the sample was calculated with an expected prevalence of 56%, with 10% of losses, leaving 371. Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years of either sex who regularly visit establishments were included. randomized education, adolescents with coexisting psychiatric illnesses or incomplete data were excluded. A form designed by the author and submitted to validation by means of a pilot plan and the validated FFSIL scale was used to collect the information. Results: 65% of the sample were men and 35% women, the average age was 15.91 years. A consumption prevalence of 68% was found, being the most frequent: alcohol 85%, Marijuana 9.1%, Tobacco 3.6%, Cocaine and "H" with 0.8% respectively. A positive association was found with consumption in some family member (p 0.0018), consumption in the social environment (p 0.0032) and family economic income greater than $ 1500 monthly (p 0.0000). Conclusions: it was demonstrated that family factors have a great weight in the beginning of consumption of psychoactive substances. Social influence, especially friends, leads to a significant increase in consumption, and in addition, there is a higher ratio of consumption to higher economic income