Prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas y factores relacionados en niños de 0 a 5 años atendidos en el centro de salud nº 1 Pumapungo zona 6 distrito 01d01, en el año 2017

Abstract

Background: acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a group of diseases ranging from a common cold to severe bronchopulmonary processes, with a variety of causative agents that spread respiratory secretions. Objective: to determine the prevalence of ARI and related factors in children from 0 to 5 years of age served in Pumapungo Health Center No. 1 in 2017. Methodology: study, analytical, retrospective, 256 clinical histories of children who met inclusion criteria were reviewed. Sampling was randomized and statified according to months of care. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v15.0. The results were presented in personalized tables. Consequently, to establish the association relationship, was applied odds ratio and confidence interval of 95%, with p value <0.05. Results: the prevalence of ARI was 55.9% (95% CI 49.58 - 62.13). The high ARI was represented in 84.6% of cases, the decrease in 15.4%. Of the high IRAs, the most frequent was acute rhinopharyngitis with 67.8%, of the chronic bronchitis with 50%. Moreover, it was a statistical association with factors such as: complete vaccination scheme (OR 3.36, 95% CI: 1.-8.0), not benefiting from exclusive breastfeeding (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.29-4.58), and the presentation of an ARI according to months of year (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.0 - 2.9). Conclusions: the prevalence of ARI in the study population was high and a significant statistical relation of ARI was found with the vaccination schedule, breastfeeding and months of the year.