Incidencia de complicaciones durante la ventilación e intubación y su relación con el índice de masa corporal, Hospitales Vicente Corral Moscoso y José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2017-2018

Abstract

Background: Basic airway management includes evaluating and managing airway patency, oxygen administration and ventilation. In these processes complications can occur that can increase the morbidity and mortality of patients.

Methodology: a cohort study was carried out with a sample of 390 patients scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia. Validated tests were used for preanesthetic assessment and prediction of ventilation, difficult intubation and complications. For the hypothesis test, the relative risk was applied with its 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant results were considered at values of p <0.05.

Results: 25.10% of complications related to ventilation were observed, 8.5% with intubation and 9.20% of both types. 26.9% of obese patients had difficult predictors. The difficulty to ventilation was greater in patients with obesity 20.5%. The risk factors for difficult intubation in overweight patients were: the tiromentonian distance (TMD) <6.5cm RR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.03-3.70). In obese patients there was an increased risk of observing a grade III-IV in Mallampati RR 4.54 (95% CI: 2.34-8.79), RRT RR 3.64 (95% CI: 1.97-6.72), sternomental distance (DEM) <-12.5cm RR 6.57 (95% CI: 3.14-13.75), cervical diameter >42cm RR 2.94 (IC95%: 2.42-3.57).

Conclusions: patients with overweight and obesity have a higher frequency of signs of ventilatory difficulty and risk of complications during intubation and later in ventilatory parameters.