Asociación entre los hábitos nutricionales y el perfil lipídico y hepático en niños de 6 a 8 años de la escuela Zoila Aurora Palacios en Cuenca

Abstract

The objective of this work was an association between nutritional habits and the lipid and liver profile in children from 6 to 7 years of Zoila Aurora Palacios school in Cuenca. 97 children were studied, who were in the second or third of basic education in the school year 2017 - 2018. anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were performed, measuring total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (high density lipid), LDL (low density lipid) cholesterol, triglycerides, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), were analyzed by spectrophotometry, and reminders of 24 hours to the feeding of children, the data obtained were entered into a specific software that was developed to process them, in addition, 24-hour dietary recall were made about the children's feeding, the data obtained were entered into a specific software that was developed to process them to obtain the amount of macronutrients ingested per day, also the foods ingested by the children were classified according to the NOVA classification. From the data obtained from both blood chemistry and the 24h dietary recall, a descriptive, categorical and correlational statistical analysis were carried out using Stata 13, finding worrying percentages of overweight and obesity (41,3%), lipid profile test values were at levels outside those recommended (triglycerides 51,04% high values, total cholesterol 59,79% high values, HDL cholesterol, 30,61% low values and LDL cholesterol 43,3% high values), in terms of ALT and AST values were mostly within the reference values. Regarding macronutrients intake, the highest percentage of daily energy came from carbohydrates in 59,1%, and in the NOVA classification the first place was unprocessed or minimally processed foods (48% E/day The BMI showed positive statistical association with ALT, triglycerides and negative with HDL cholesterol, there was also statistical association of total cholesterol with the female sex; and LDL cholesterol with the percentage E/day of fiber. No association was found between the nutritional habits with the lipid and liver profile, except for the fiber with LDL cholesterol, however the lipid parameters did show association with the BMI. These data will contribute to the global project called "Study of the Immunological State of School-Age Children and its relation to the Intestinal Microbiome and to the drinking water they consume", of which this titling work is part (RED CEDIA, 2018).