Características de resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 con infección del tracto urinario en el servicio de clínica del Hospital Luis F. Martínez, durante el período 2012-2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: diabetics have a high incidence of urinary tract infection using antibiotics frequently, increasing resistance rates. OBJECTIVE: to determine the characteristics of bacterial resistance to antibiotic in patients whit Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and urinary tract infection treated in the clinic services of Luis F. Martínez Hospital during 2012-2017 periods. METHODOLOGY: descriptive quantitative study, the universe consisted of 400 clinical histories, the sample obtained was 196. The information was collected in forms and analyzed using the SPSS v. 15 PROGRAM AND Microsoft Excel 2016 applying descriptive statics. The results were presented in tables and graphs. RESULTS: the frequency of UTI in patients with diabetics was 100%. 58.5% of urine cultures obtained microbiological isolation and Escherichia Coli prevailed (41,8%). There is resistance to trimetropin sulfamethoxazole (66.1%), while nitrofurantoin (70%) and quinolones (70.5%) still maintain sensitivity, the latter being used more frequently. The use of aminopenicillins was increased (14.2%) as a subsequent treatment. 20.4% of patients on admission remained untreated. 57,6% maintained the same scheme after laboratory results, the 42,3% did suffer changes. The patients of 40 years and older, of civil union, de facto and widowhood, without instruction and with poor metabolic control showed high levels of resistance, the male (54.5%) and the female (72,7%) presented resistance to macrolides and trimetropin sulfamethoxazole respectively. CONCLUSIONS: antibiotic resistance increases due to indiscriminate use in elderly patients and inadequate control of their disease.