Factores que influyen al consumo de drogas en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Joaquín Malo Tamaríz, Cuenca 2018

Abstract

Background: drug use represents a strong public burden in the global, national and local health system due to the consequences that the drug dependent subject suffers in his health and therefore it must be treated in an integral manner, which leads to taking important decisions on how to treat it and how to prevent it. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC 2010), the factors that influence adolescents' drug use; the main cause is the influence of peers or similar, in addition, the deficit of parental care and authority and socioeconomic level (1) (2). Objective: to determine the factors that influence the consumption of drugs among adolescents of the Joaquin Malo Tamariz Educational Unit, Cuenca 2018. Methodology: The research is of a descriptive exploratory quantitative type, cross-sectional design, found in 100 adolescents of the Joaquin Malo Tamariz Educational Unit. The sample frame was chosen by the researchers and involved all the students of the eighth, ninth and tenth of the age ranging between the ages of 12 to 19 years. A survey prepared by the CONSEP in 2014 was applied to evaluate the factors that influence the consumption of drugs and was a researcher in this problem, becoming a bibliographic support. For the processing of the information, it was applied to the SPSS 22 and Microsoft Excel programs, for the presentation of the results, tables and graphs were used, and the analysis was made in relation to the frequencies and percentages. Results: of the 100 students, 52% were male and 48% were female, the most dangerous drug according to students is cocaine with 31%, 26% refers to marijuana and 7% alcohol. The places where they were offered drugs were inside the school with 42%, followed with 37% in the neighborhood or community, while with 10 and 11% in the park and parties respectively. With 48% they started the consumption of some type of drug at age 12. The factors influencing the consumption were individual, social, family and psychological. Conclusions: the influential factors to the consumption of drugs in the adolescents of the Educational Unit Joaquin Malo Tamariz are the fast acquisition in concurred places like parties and school, absence of the parents in the home, familiar problems and influence of friends