Arquitectura bioclimática en el páramo andino de Ecuador: mejora térmica-energética de materiales como envolvente en la vivienda social

Abstract

The thermal behavior and the energy consumption of the housing envelope of the MIDUVI type house are analyzed, implanted in Ecuador, near of the cantonal head of Pucará, Province of Azuay. Where the use of an envelope that does not respond adequately to the climatic conditions of the site is presented, which gives rise to the lack of thermal comfort inside the dwelling, that can lead to health problems. The purpose of this study is to determine if implementing bioclimatic materials in the architectural envelope it is possible to improve the comfort conditions in social housing, for andean páramo climate. To achieve this objective, a research is proposed with an experimental-quantitative approach, in order to evaluate the architectural envelope (independent variable) and its influence on the thermal quality of the indoor environment (dependent variable) in the dwelling type, the following steps were followed: a) collection of climatic data, b) verification of the current status of MIDUVI housing and its relationship with users, c) determination of local materials and their thermal characteristics, through laboratory tests, d) simulations of the thermal and energetic behavior of the current and proposed envelope; and e) comparative analysis between envelopes. Data from meteorological stations were taken to obtain real climate data. The data collected was used to create and develop the simulations in Energy Plus v8.7. and verify the thermal performance of the envelope. It was concluded by means of the thermal-energetic simulation that by means of the implementation of bioclimatic materials in the enclosure, the interior temperature increases up to 5 ° C, reaching 15 to 18 ° C, very close to the comfort range; besides an increase of 51% in the relation with the exterior temperature. On the other hand, if artificial air conditioning is used, the proposed envelope presents a better energy performance than the current one and can save up to 74% of the monthly energy consumption in heating.