Factores de riesgo de fibrilación auricular en pacientes de consulta externa de cardiología, hospitales Vicente Corral Moscoso y José Carrasco Arteaga de Cuenca, 2016-2017

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia supra ventricular that has turned into like a public health problem, affects from 1% to 2% percent of the population and decrease about the age, until to reach to 10% in older people over 80 years old. The main risk factors that determine the presence of atrial fibrillation are: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, chronic renal disease, smoking and it is also one of the main causes of ventricular dysfunction. Objective. To determine the risk factors of atrial fibrillation in outpatient of cardiology at Vicente Corral Moscoso and José Carrasco Arteaga hospital in Cuenca, 2016-2017 Materials and methods. It was realized and analytical study of cases and controls and for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was based in the electrocardiogram with the following criteria: the absence of p wave and irregular R-R. To obtain information on every case and control, we made survey that permitted to have data about risk factors; in addition, to each patient was made and electrocardiogram and complementary exams: blood biometry, renal function, thyroid function, lipid profile. The risk factors to be determined were: smoking, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, dyslipidemia, alteration of thyroid function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; furthermore, the association of atrial fibrillation with ventricular dysfunction was determined. Results The population of study was in a large percentage included women in the range of 80 to 89 years old, coming from Cuenca city, with primary education and retired occupation. The risk factors that had a significant relationship for the onset of atrial fibrillation were: 73% arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia 61.7%, chronic kidney disease 46, 1%, heart failure 30.4%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 21.7%, hypothyroidism 19.1%, smoking 16.5%. Furthermore, an association of 60.9% between ventricular dysfunction and AF was identified