Caracterización morfométrica e índices zoométricos de los grupos raciales bovinos existentes en los cantones orientales del Azuay

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was the morphometric characterization and the determination of the zoometric ratios of the bovine racial groups existing in the eastern cantons of Azuay (COAz). For which 527 UPAS were sampled divided into 2 groups ranging from 1 to 30 animals and more than 30 animals per UPA, resulting in 859 sampled cattle, in which the linear morphometric variables (20), phaneroptic variables (19) were studied, zoomometric indexes (11) and characteristics of the udder (4). The SPSS ® program was used in the data processing and statistical tests such as: Analysis of main components with Varimax rotation, generation of groups by descriptive analysis or two-stage cluster and for the comparison of the averages obtained, the ANOVA method with a level of confidence 95% The existence of 10 main components and 6 racial groups was determined: Criollo-Holstein crossbred (16.1%), COAz Criollo (8.3%), Holstein Low-Mesolian Height (24.3%), Holstein Low Height -Longilineal (22.2%), predominantly Criollo mestizo (13.5%), Holstein intermediate height-Longilinear (13.2%). Races such as Jersey, Brown swiss, Charolais and Normando were excluded from the study, since they were not considered relevant due to their minimal presence during sampling. All the values obtained in both the main components and those obtained in the study of racial groups were compared with studies conducted in the country, including the province of Azuay and international studies of the same type, generating comparison tables that were detailed in the course of this study and that will serve for future research.