Análisis de factores de riesgo ergonómico y su influencia en la aparición de trastornos músculo esqueléticos (TME) en trabajadores de una empresa de ingeniería y construcción en el oriente ecuatoriano

Abstract

The population of this research consisted of a total of 479 workers from a construction company in the north-east of Ecuador. Samples have been taken from 24 workers who occupy positions as mason, blacksmith and chainsaw operator, and who have worked for at least 06 months in the company. In order to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the personnel, the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire has been used together with the clinical history of the patient, and the results of a specific physical exam. 88.3% of the masons have shown musculoskeletal discomfort, of which 50% are in the lumbar region and 30% in the upper limb. In the group of blacksmiths, 88.8% present general discomfort. From that percentage 75% are in the lumbar region, and 25% in the upper limb. In the group of chainsaw operators, 100% have MSD in the lumbar region. The ergonomic postural evaluation method (REBA) was applied for the evaluation of 3 main tasks in each position, and it was shown that for the mason's position the final result is 11 with a very high-risk level for 2 from the 3 tasks analyzed. In the blacksmiths position the obtained result is between 6 and 10 (medium and high risk) for the 3 tasks analyzed. Finally, for the position of chainsaw operator 2 of the 3 tasks were rated 11 and 13 (very high risk). Action should be taken immediately.