Fenología y producción de rye grass lolium multiflorum bajo sistema de labranza convencional y alternativa en la granja de Irquis

Abstract

In Ecuador the livestock occupies an important place in the agricultural production, contributing to the national economy with an 8 per cent of GDP and being the silvopastoral activity and animal breeding a contribution of 22% on the total. However, in the Tarqui sub watershed there is evidence of physical limitations in flat topography soils causing inadequate management and low yields of pastures; because the soils used for this activity lack phenological scheduling and fertilization plans, making it noticeable a lack of nutritional elements and having an impact on development. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate two tillage systems: Alternative (sub soiling) and Conventional (plow disk), during the establishment of Rye grass variety Magnum in a farm located in Irquis, taking the following as variables to be sampled: germination, number of tillers, plant height, stem diameter, width of the sheet, depth of the root, percentage of vegetation cover, number of plants with floral structure, inflorescences and spikelet. We can register in this way the different phenological events by means of linear transects every 50 cm, obtaining a total of 720 daily data points of the species in an area of 4800 m2, in an interval of three days for five months and 12 days, identifying along this time 4 phenological phases according to the development and physiological maturity presented by the plant. In terms of determination of plant coverage, this was done by taking photographs, later these were processed and analyzed by means of supervised classification, using geographic information software (ARCMAP 10), for the definitive calculation of the percentage. The results show that in tillage Alternative grass, rye grass variety Magnum fulfilled its phenological cycle before the Conventional treatment, alongside with the production of raw and dry greens. On the other hand, this research contributes to the creation of a phenological calendar that allows for the adequate implementation of this variety in the area of Irquis, allowing for the adequate management of the pastures intended to feed the livestock.