Frecuencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad y factores de riesgo asociados en neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2010-2015

Abstract

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was first described in 1942 by Terry and called it retrolental fibroplasia, was related to many possible causes such as: maternal infections, oxygen administration and anoxia. Currently, ROP is the leading cause of preventable blindness in more than 80% of preterm newborns worldwide. Objective: To determine the frequency of ROP and its associated risk factors in neonatology at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2010-2015 ". Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in 158 neonates. The frequency of ROP was determined and analyzed as risk factors associated with gestational age, weight, sex, hospital stay, APGAR per minute and sepsis. Categorical quantitative variables were expressed in frequency tables with percentages. To analyze the associations between risk factors and ROP, logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios. Results: The frequency of retinopathy in preterm infants less than or equal to 1500 g of weight and less than or equal to 33 weeks of gestation was 22%. In addition, a higher percentage and a higher risk were presented in those with a hospital stay (> 30 days). The female sex was also 2.53 times more likely to have the disease than the male sex. Conclusions: ROP frequency was almost a quarter of preterm infants. Female sex and longer hospital stay were important predisposing factors for ROP in the study population