Nivel de autoestima y factores asociados en adolescentes escolarizados en la parroquia Paccha, Cuenca- Azuay 2015.

Abstract

Background: A high self-esteem is associated with welfare, good academic performance, and other favorable conditions for the individual. However, at present they are still not completely clear the factors that determine the development of self-esteem in individuals. Objectives: To determine the level of self-esteem and its relationship with associated factors among adolescent students in Paccha parish, Cuenca – Azuay, 2015. Materials and Methods: An observational qualitative and quantitative study of 453 adolescent students in Paccha parish of Cuenca-Azuay was performed. In the quantitative component, the characteristics of the study population were described and linked the level of self-esteem with associated factors. The qualitative component was made based on grounded theory, in order to identify the perceptions of self-esteem and school, family and social relationships, through focus groups of teenagers. Results: The frequency of High self-esteem was 50,6%, medium self-esteem 35,3% and low self-esteem of 14,1% was reported. Age, maternal ocupation, academic achievement, level of aggressiveness and family functioning showed significant association with the level of self-esteem. The monthly income of less than $628,27, a level of very high aggressiveness and mainly the moderately functional or dysfunctional/severely dysfunctional families showed a significant risk for a medium/low self-esteem. Conclusions: Highlights the role of family functioning on the development of self-esteem in adolescents as well as other associated factors such as family economic income less than a basic basket, and the age at which the average adolescence was shown as the Age more susceptible to low levels of self-esteem. It was also observed that adolescents with low self-esteem presented lower academic performance and higher levels of aggressiveness