Caracterización, identificación y evaluación de microorganismos autóctonos biorremediadores de suelos contaminados por agroquímicos en la provincia de Loja

Abstract

Despite the importance of conducting research to demonstrate the harmfulness of agrochemicals into the agro-ecosystems, studies based on the mitigation of these damages, especially through diagnostic and bioremediation methods, are very scarce in Ecuador. A socio-environmental diagnosis was made in the Pindal canton, to know the causes and consequences of contamination by agrochemicals. Once the toxicity levels were known, autochthonous microorganisms were isolated from the contaminated soils, which were characterized morph-culturally and genetically way. Gene sequencing and bio-informatics analysis were performed by the US company Sequencing Lab Macrogen Corp. Totally randomized experiments were designed under laboratory conditions to evaluate the bioremediation potential of microbial isolates by bio-absorption methods to degrade xenobiotic substances from agrochemicals. Eight categories of fungus, with bioremediation potential, were identified in conventional corn producing areas in the Pindal canton (Loja): Penicillium, Mucor, Scytalidium, Aspergillus, Neosartorya, Eurotiomycetes, Talaromyces and Fusarium. In the case of: Mucor circinelloides F., it constitutes the one with a greater capacity of adaptability and absorption for glyphosate in dosages of 5g / l and 1g / l. While, Penicillium chrysogenum and Uncultured Aspergillus, are those for greater capacity of absorption for cipermetrina; in the case of Bacteria: rectangular bacilli positive gram, had a growth of 59% greater than in doses of 1g / l; 61% in 5g / l and 55% in 15gr / l. While in a liquid medium with cipermertrina, Micrococo grand positive, shows higher growth in dosages of 2 g / l and 1 g / l.