Factores de riesgo del consumo de alcohol y su influencia en el rendimiento académico de adolescentes del Colegio Miguel Malo González del Cantón Gualaceo, Azuay 2016

Abstract

Background: According to WHO, adolescence is the period between 10-19 years of age; When they acquire several changes, it is the stage of curiosity that leads to being vulnerable to alcohol consumption, causing damage to the adolescent. According to the INEC in 2012, in Ecuador 912,576 people consume alcoholic beverages, 2.5% are under the age of 18 (1). Objective: to determine the risk factors of alcohol consumption and its influence on the academic performance of adolescents of the "Miguel Malo Gonzáles" school in the canton of Gualaceo. Azuay. 2016 Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative observational study was carried out at the "Miguel Malo Gonzales" school in Gualaceo, with a sample of 218 students from all levels chosen probabilistically, who were interviewed with informed consent and assent were given a questionnaire Structured with the instruments: AUDIT Test, Goldenberg Test, IVAN Scale and Academic Performance Determination; The data were tabulated and processed in the statistical package SPSS 22, analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: the sample studied was composed of students with a mean age of 15 ± 1 SD years, the most frequent being between 15 and 17 years old (54.1%), the female gender was the most common (63, 3%), single marital status (94.9%) and residence in the rural area (66.5%) were the most common; in addition, 27.9% of students consumed alcohol with a higher prevalence of men and ages of 15 to 17 years; The average academic performance prevailed (76.6%), the variables associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages were: low self-esteem (p: 0.007) and depression (p: 0.02). Conclusions: The factors associated with alcohol consumption in students are low self-esteem and depression; Alcohol intake does not influence the academic performance of the adolescent