Prevalencia y factores asociados de alteraciones espirométricas en personas de 40 a 59 años que residen en la Ciudad de Cuenca, 2013

Abstract

Introduction: The air is increasingly harmful product of man's responsibility. The deterioration of lung function measured by spirometry.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of spirometric changes in people 40 to 59 years residing in the city of Cuenca in 2013.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 people, chosen by simple randomization, located by sensors that measure the particulate material located in the historic center of Cuenca and industrial park; between the ages of 40-59 years. Data were collected through surveys and implementation of spirometry. They were analyzed using SPSS version 22 program, calculating frequency, prevalence ratio (PR) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%.

Results: The prevalence of spirometric changes is 34%, predominantly restrictive pattern (56.4%). Distributed in 53.4% female and 46.6% male. No significant differences by occupation, exposure to snuff and BMI was demonstrated. Statistically significant association of spirometric impairment in male between 50-59 years eventually snuff consumption, no respiratory comorbidity, heavy traffic and housing close to parks and factories defined.

Conclusions: The prevalence of spirometric abnormalities is high, associated to the male gender, more than 50 years, consumption of snuff for more than five years, living near parks and factories observed in the latter a statistically significant association p <0.001.