Prevalencia del retraso psicomotor y su relación con el estado nutricional y el nivel socioeconómico en los niños de 6 meses a 4 años de edad, Cañar 2014

Abstract

Background: the psychomotor development problems are frequent health problems in the child population, which is aggravated as the health conditions of the population, of the care that mothers have during pregnancy, the supply and the socio-economic level.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental retardation and its relationship with the nutritional status and socioeconomic level in children 6 months to 4 years of age, Cañar 2014.

Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of children 6 months to 4 years of age in the city of Cañar attending child care centers. For the assessment of psychomotor retardation was applied the Denver Test, the socio-economic level was studied using the unmet basic needs and nutritional status according to the growth curves for child population of the WHO.

Results: The prevalence of mental retardation is the 35.90 per cent (95 %CI: 31.25 - 40.55), without major differences in the percentages of the motor gross area, fine motor, language, and psychosocial. There is a high percentage of families with low socioeconomic status 25.2% and a half under 48.7 %. According to the nutritional status there were more children with severe low weight and low weight that overweight and obesity. It was determined that there is an association with the socio-economic level in the area gross motor, fine motor and psychosocial, not so with the area of language. There is no relation to the nutritional status. Conclusions: The prevalence of psychomotor retardation is high and is associated with the socio-economic level.