Factores de riesgo de la luxación congénita de cadera en niños/as de 0 a 9 años del Centro Provincial de de Neurodesarrollo Integral Cuenca, 2012

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with congenital hip dislocation in children from 0 to 9 years who are attending to the Provincial Center for Integrative Neurodevelopment (CEPRONDI). METHODS: A case-control study was made; the universe consisted of 1200 children from 0 to 9 years of congenital hip dislocation (LCC), who are attending to the Provincial Center for Integrative Neurodevelopment (CEPRONDI). The total sample size was 310 children (155 with congenital hip dislocation and 155 without congenital hip dislocation); they were calculated with confidence interval criteria of 95% and significance level of 0.05 %. We identified the congenital hip dislocation in children according to the family history, breech presentation and pelvic-fetal disproportion. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.20, Excel and Minitab v.15. For the description of qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and for the inferential analysis we used chi -square test to contrast and also multiple proportions to identify the main causes of this problem. RESULTS: The incidence of LCC in children with developmental disorders in the CEPRONDI is about 18.10%; we showed that the risk factors are related to the LCC family history, birth weight and multiple pregnancy because they had higher statistical significance with a p_value of 0,000 the first two and 0,003 the last; however it was shown that the pelvic disproportion - fetal and sex have a lower statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage (18.10%) of LCC which was found in CEPRONDI is very alarming because it exceeds the figures in comparison with other countries and even with the global prevalence that is 3%.